Objective: To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and susceptibility and biological behavior of hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). Methods: MDM2 (rs2279744 site) polymorphism in peripheral blood from 166 patients with HCC and 157 healthy controls were detected by SYBR GREEN PCR method and the relationship between MDM2 polymorphism and susceptibility and biological behavior of HCC was analyzed by comparing the differences of genotypes in two populations. Results: There was no statistical significance between two groups in terms of MDM2 allele distribution in research population (P ＝ 0.753). The risk of HCC onset in individuals with GG＋ TG genotype was 1.698 times of those with TT genotype in case group (95%CI ＝ 1.027 ～2.808). MDM2 SNP was associated with HBV infection and the degree of tumor differentiation (P＜ 0.05). The incidence of alleles in experimental group (T, 0.49; G, 0.51) was very different from that in control group (T, 0.59; G, 0.41) (P ＝ 0.015). The incidence of GG genotype in patients with HCC (22.29%) was significantly higher than those without HCC (13.38%). Compared with TT genotype, G allele or GG genotype had more correlation with HCC onset. Conclusion: Compared with TT genotype, MDM2 promoter SNP309 G allele or GG genotype is more associated with HCC onset in Chinese population.

Objective: To investigate the effect of epileptiform discharge on changes of sleep structure in patients with epilepsy. Methods: A total of 82 patients diagnosed with epilepsy were performed with polysomnography (PSG) concomitant with long-term video electroencephalogram (LTV EEG) to analyze their sleep structures and epileptic EEG. Results: The PSG in this study was marked by different levels of changes in sleep parameters with increased latency stage and decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as well as increased times of arousals at night, in which 8 patients had no REM sleep. During sleep, epileptiform discharges had evidently influence on phase Ⅰ and Ⅲ～Ⅳ sleep of non-REM (NREM) and discharge group was more significant in the increase of phase Ⅰ sleep but decrease of phases Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ sleep of NREM. Conclusion: Patients with epilepsy is often accompanied with disorders of sleep structures, especially those with epileptiform discharges during sleep. Application of PSG concomitant with LTV EEG are more beneficial for the overall analysis of relationship between sleep structure and epileptiform discharges.

Objective: To explore the systemic and local cellular immune function of patients with esophageal carcinoma or cardiac cancer. Methods: The distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and cancer-associated macrophage (TAM) in local tumor tissues of 52 patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer were observed by immunehistochemical method. The level of peripheral SIL-2R and TNF-α of preoperative and postoperative 1, 2, 3 weeks were detected by ELISA and ABC-ELISA methods respectively, then the acquired results were compared with 30 cases of normal control group. Results: The peritumor infiltration densities of TIL and TAM was greater than that of cancer nest stroma (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the levels of sIL-2R and TNF-α increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01). Immune function could be suppressed by operative wound in a short time of post-operation, whose damage severity was closely associated with tumor TNM stages. Conclusion: Patients with esophageal or cardiac cancer have cellular immune function disorders. Dynamic testing of peripheral sIL-2R and TNT-α level in patients with esophageal or cardiac cancer has positive clinical significance in the evaluation of cellular immune function, tumor lesion degree and curative effect.

Objective: To explore the expression of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) in human colorectal cancer and its correlation with efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 78 samples from patients with colorectal cancer and receiving platinumbased chemotherapy were selected, and meanwhile 14 cases of normal colonic mucosa samples were selected as a normal control, 12 cases of non-cancerous tissue in colorectal cancer samples were selected as a pericarcinorma control. The expression of BRCA1 in these tissues was detected using immunohistochemical S-P method, and all patients treated with drugs were followed-up for survival time. Results: The positive rate of BRCA1 expression in colorectal cancer tissue was 52.6%, significantly lower than that in the control groups. BRCA1 expression was closely associated with histological differentiation degrees (χ2 ＝ 14.16, P ＝ 0.001), but not with the age, gender, local infiltration, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. Comparing with those with positive BRCA1 expression, the patients with negative BRCA1 expression after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy had significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) (P ＝ 0.032). Conclusion: Application of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in the patients with negative BRCA1 expression can obtain the survival benefit, and the level of BRCA1 expression can be useful in the selection of chemotherapy regimens and evaluation of prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer after surgery.

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of tumor associated material (TAM) and β2- microglobulin (β2-MG) in the diagnosis and evaluation of chemotherapeutic efficacy in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods: A total of 161 patients with NHL and another 37 examined healthy people were selected to detect their serum TAM and β2-MG levels and analyze the relationship between TAM and β2- MG with NHL progression and prognosis. Results: Serum TAM and β2-MG levels in NHL patients were higher than in healthy people (P ＜0.05), and were evidently higher in NHL patients with concurrent bone marrow infiltration than in those without bone marrow infiltration (P ＜ 0.05), which had no relevant association in ages and genders (P ＞ 0.05), but were lower in patients with indolent lymphoma than in those with invasive and high-invasive lymphoma (P ＜ 0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in TAM and β2-MG levels between patients in phases Ⅰ～Ⅱ and Ⅲ～Ⅳ (P ＞ 0.05), which decreased evidently after treatment than treatment before (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The levels of serum TAM and β2-MG expression in patients with NHL have a certain guiding significance for clinical staging, pathological malignant severity and tumor invasive severity, and detection of TAM and β2-MG has a certain value in diagnosing the therapeutic responses to NHL, able to be an effective index for the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation in patients with NHL.

Objective: To explore the new molecular mechanism of anti-tumor effect of temzolomide (TMZ)on glioblastoma cell strain. Methods: MTT methods and Hoechst 33342 staining method were applied to determine the effect of TMZ on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma cell strains U251 and SHG44, while flow cytometry was used to detect the impact of TMZ on cellular cycles. Additionally, DCFH-DA probe was adopted to test intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level while Real-time PCR and Western blot tests were applied to determine the influence of TMZ on SIRT1 expression. Results: TMZ in different concentrations added into glioblastoma cell strain for 72 h could concentration-dependently inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma cells, 100 μmol/L of which could also block cells in phase G2/M and improve cellular apoptosis. In addition, TMZ could evidently increase intracellular ROS level so as to activate SIRT1. Conclusion: The mechanism of anti-tumor effect of TMZ on glioblastoma may be associated with ROS-induced SIRT1 pathway, providing theoretical basis for the clinical efficacy of TMZ.

Objective: To compare the dosimetric differences of different intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: 5-, 7- and 9-fields of IMRT plans in 16 NPC patients were respectively designed and synchronous dimention technology was applied to compare the dosimetric differences in target areas and involved organs. Results: The recovery rate in target area was 95% while the plan was evidently worse in 5-field than in 7- and 9-fields (P ＜ 0.05). Whereas the maximum dosage (Dmax), mean dosage (Dmean) and minimum dosage (Dmin) were similar between 7- and 9-fields (P ＞ 0.05), which were obviously lower in 5-field, and the differences were both significant (P ＜ 0.05). In addition, the conformity and homogeneity indexes in target area had no significant difference between 7- and 9-fields, but were markedly better than in 5-field (P ＜ 0.05). Indexes in each involved organs were the lowest in 5-field than in other fields (P ＜ 0.05), but were similar between 7- and 9-fields (P ＞ 0.05), which were all lower than tolerant dosage. As for BODY, there were significant differences in V10 ～ V20 between 5-field and other fields (P ＜ 0.05), but were similar in V25 ～ V30 (P ＞ 0.05). However, 7- and 9-fields were similar in V10 ～ V20 (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion: 7-field IMRT plan is the optimal one for NPC on both clinical dosimetric requirements and field-establishment principles.

Objective: To observe the effect of Brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with chemotherapy on the immune function of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: One hundred and fifty-six patients with NSCLC were randomly divided into treatment group (n ＝ 82) treated with Brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with GP regimen chemotherapy and control group (n ＝ 74) only with GP regimen chemotherapy. The cellular immunity (CD3 ＋ , CD4 ＋ , CD8 ＋ , CD16 ＋CD56＋ ) and humoral immunity (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4) before and after chemotherapy were tested by flow cytometry (FCM) and biochemical method, respectively. The influences of two treatment methods on the immune function were compared, and clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results: The remission rates (RRs) were respectively 40.3% and 36.5% in treatment group and control group, without statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05). Compared with chemotherapy before, the cellular immune function after chemotherapy decreased in control group (P ＜ 0.05),whereas the levels of CD3 ＋ , CD4 ＋ , CD4 ＋ /CD8 ＋ and CD16 ＋ CD56 ＋ increased significantly in treatment group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). After chemotherapy, the cellular immune function in treatment group was obviously superior to that in control group, whereas there was no statistical significance by comparison to humoral immune indexes between two groups. Conclusion: With similar efficacy to control group, Brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with GP regimen chemotherapy can improve the cellular immune function of patients with advanced NSCLC and protect the chemotherapy-induced cellular immune function from damage to a certain extent.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of orthodromic island flap prosthetics of homodigital artery on finger-tip defect. Methods: A total of 21 patients with finger-tip defect from December, 2010 to April, 2013 were given orthodromic island flap prosthetics of homo-digital artery, with the maximum and minimum sizes of flaps being 20 mm×22 mm and 10 mm×15 mm, respectively. Results: All patients with finger-tip defect survived from the flap surgery and the wounds were favorably healed. 3 ～ 12 months follow-up after operation, the flaps were observed with approving appearance, soft texture and favorable elasticity, with two-point discrimination being 6 ～ 8 mm. According to TAM detection of hand functions, flaps were excellent healed in 19 cases, good and fairish in 1 case respectively, with effective rate being 95.2%. Conclusion: Orthodromic island flap prosthetics of homo-digital artery is simple and safe in operation with satisfactory effcacy, being the most ideal method for the repair of finger-tip defect.

Objective: To compare the short-term efficacy and safety of S-1 respectively combined with oxaliplatin (OXA) and docetaxel (TXT) in treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Method: Forty-three patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into OXA group (n ＝ 26) and TXT group (n ＝ 17). Drug usage was as follows: oral administration of 40 mg/m2 S-1 during days 1 ～ 14, twice a day; intravenous injection of 130 mg/m2 OXA on day 1; intravenous injection of 60 mg/m2 TXT on day 1; 3 weeks as one cycle. The efficacy, adverse reactions and quality of life were evaluated 2 cycles after treatment. Results: Adverse reactions could be evaluated in all cases, and efficacy be evaluated in 42 cases. The response rates (RR) were 57.7% and 31.3% respectively in OXA and TXT groups, without statistical significance (P ＝ 0.096). The incidence of total leukopenia (100.0%), stomatitis (35.3%) and constipation (76.5%) was obviously higher in TXT group than in OXA group (50.0%, 3.8%, 38.4%), with statistical significance (P ＝ 0.019, 0.006, 0.015), while that of neurotoxicity lower than in OXA group (53.8% vs. 17.6%), with statistical significance (P ＝ 0.018). Conclusion: For advanced gastric cancer, S-1 combined with OXA is similar to efficacy of combined with TXT, but with less adverse reactions.

Objective: To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment on the prognosis of children with epilepsy accompanied by continuous spikes and waves during slow wave sleep (CSCW). Methods: The clinical characteristics, electroencephalogram (ECG) features, treatment and prognosis of 12 children with CSCW in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the followup of 6 months to 4 years was given. Results: Imaging showed that 8 children suffered from brain lesions, while other 4 were normal. The initial onset of 10 children was at night, whereas 2 began with absence seizure in lucid interval, and they gradually appeared comprehensive brain function decline, meanwhile, ECG was characterized by continuous discharge during slow wave sleep. After 3 months of treatment with valproic acid, clonazepam, lamotrigine and hormones, the clinical symptoms and ECG of 10 children improved significantly, in which 3 ones recurred after 6 months of comprehensive treatment. Conclusion: The early manifestation of CSWS is untypical, and hence, early diagnosis and treatment can ameliorate the epileptic seizures of children, effectively inhibit epileptic electrical activity and has favorable prognosis.

In the treatment of tumor patients, how to select the chemotherapy regimen with better efficacy, less toxicity and expense is a difficult problem that perplexes clinical doctors for a long time. Pharmacogenetics is to study the influence of genetic factors on pharmacokinetics, whereas pharmacogenomics is to study the relationship between various gene mutations and drug efficacy and safety. With molecular biology developing, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are considered to be essential in the reduction of adverse reactions, improvement of efficacy and realization of individualized treatment. In this article, the clinical application and evaluation of pharmacogenomics in tumor chemotherapy were primarily investigated.

Molecular target therapy has become a new approach in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The sensitivity of lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has been found to be associated with gene mutationss in the tyrosine kinase domain of RGFR. However, not all EGFR gene mutationss are sensitive to EGFR-TKIs. The review was conducted to study the research progress of EGFR mutations and the sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs and the mechanism of resistance of molecular target therapy in NSCLC.